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Slow speed operation of fan systems within the air handling
industry is generally performed due to two reasons: a coast
down operation is required for hot (induced draft) fans to
cool down before shutdown (often by using a turning gear),
and operational efficiency improvements can be achieved
during non-peak periods by slow speed operation using a
VFD. In either case, when these fans are supported by hydrodynamic
bearings, it is the oil film thickness developed from
the bearing-shaft interaction that limits the minimum speed
that can be maintained without causing premature wear and
bearing failure. This paper will present a brief overview of
lubrication theory and critical design parameters to achieve
slow speed operation.
In order to analyze the different gear
oils suitable for the lubrication of wind turbine gearboxes, five fully formulated ISO VG 320 gear oils were selected. In between the selected gear oils, four PAO base oils can be found: PAOR, PAOM, PAOC and PAOX. A mineral-based oil (MINR) was also included as reference.
An independent cheese packager
in central Wisconsin packages millions of pounds of cheese every year. Whether shredded, sliced, crumbled or waxed, each package is designed specifically for a customer’s unique needs. As a “toll processor,” production line speed is critical to productivity as well as profitability.
Third-quarter earnings confirmed
the worst-case scenario — plunging oil prices are whacking almost the entire industrial sector. The theme is hardly new, as the pattern of our headlines has revealed over the past fifteen or so months:
Third-quarter earnings are confirming the worst-case scenario, i.e. — not only are energy related end markets in a downturn, but conditions continue to worsen.